Tetramethylammonium Chloride CAS 75-57-0
Free Sample Tetramethylammonium Chloride CAS 75-57-0
- Appearance:Powder
- Purity:99.8%
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Name: Tetramethylammonium Chloride
CAS: 75-57-0
MOQ: 1KG
Directory Guidance on Tetramethylammonium Chloride
Chemical Structure
Basic Info:
| Melting point | >300 °C (lit.) |
| Boiling point | 165.26°C (rough estimate) |
| density | 1,17 g/cm3 |
| refractive index | 1.5320 (estimate) |
| storage temp. | Store below +30°C. |
| solubility | methanol: 0.1 g/mL, clear, colorless |
Product Introduction:
Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC or TMACl for short) is a quaternary ammonium salt compound with the chemical formula (CH₃)₄NCl, which is composed of four methyl groups connected by nitrogen atoms and with a chloride ion as a counter ion. It usually appears as a white or off-white crystalline powder, has high water solubility and hygroscopicity, is easily soluble in polar solvents such as water and ethanol, but has low solubility in non-polar solvents. From the perspective of physicochemical properties, the melting point of Tetramethylammonium Chloride is above 300°C, showing good thermal stability, but it may decompose under high temperature or strong acidic conditions, releasing toxic gases. Its preparation is mainly completed by the nucleophilic substitution reaction of trimethylamine and chloromethane under high pressure conditions. During the reaction, the temperature and pressure must be strictly controlled to avoid the formation of by-products. As an ionic compound, Tetramethylammonium Chloride can completely dissociate into tetramethylammonium cations (TMA⁺) and chloride ions (Cl⁻) in aqueous solution. This property makes it show high ionic strength in solution, laying the foundation for its application in many fields.
In terms of safety, Tetramethylammonium Chloride belongs to the low toxicity class of chemicals, but it still has certain irritations to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. Long term exposure may cause dermatitis or mucosal damage, so it is necessary to wear protective equipment and ensure ventilation during operation. In addition, its biodegradability is low, and its discharge into the environment may have potential impacts on aquatic organisms, so strict waste disposal regulations must be followed. It is worth noting that Tetramethylammonium Chloride is relatively stable in chemical properties at room temperature, but it may gradually absorb moisture and agglomerate in light or humid environments. It needs to be stored in a cool and dry place and sealed. As a common laboratory reagent, its purity is usually required to reach more than 99%, and industrial-grade products may be divided into different specifications according to different uses. For example, electronic-grade products have particularly strict control over the content of metal impurities.
In the development of synthetic methods, the preparation technology of Tetramethylammonium Chloride has undergone multiple optimizations. The early process mainly relied on the direct reaction of trimethylamine and methyl chloride, but there were problems such as low reaction efficiency and many by-products. Modern industrial production mostly uses continuous flow reactors. By precisely controlling the molar ratio, temperature and residence time of the reactants, the yield can be increased to more than 90%. In addition, the promotion of the concept of green chemistry has prompted researchers to develop a synthetic route using ionic liquids as catalysts, which significantly reduces energy consumption and waste emissions. For the preparation of high-purity products, purification techniques such as recrystallization and ion exchange chromatography are widely used to meet the stringent requirements of the electronics industry and pharmaceutical field for product purity.
Nature and Specifications:
| Item | Specification |
| Product Name | Tetramethylammonium Chloride |
| CAS No. | 75-57-0 |
| Appearance | Powder |
| Shelf Life | 2 years |
| Packing | As your requirements |
| form | Hygroscopic Crystalline Powder |
| color | White to ivory |
| Specific Gravity | 1.169 |
| Odor | Odorless |
| PH Range | 6 – 8 |
| PH | 6-8 (100g/l, H2O, 20℃) |
Product service:
- Certificate Of Analysis (COA)
- Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
- Route of synthesis (ROS)
- Method of Aanlysis (MOA)
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
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Tetramethylammonium Chloride has demonstrated extensive application value in the field of organic synthesis. As a phase transfer catalyst, it can promote the transfer of substances between the aqueous and organic phases, significantly improving the reaction rate and yield of the two-phase reaction system. For example, in esterification, alkylation, and nucleophilic substitution reactions, Tetramethylammonium Chloride reduces the activation energy of the reaction by forming ion pairs, allowing previously difficult reactions to be completed under mild conditions. This characteristic makes it highly favored in the synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates and the preparation of fine chemicals.
The application of Tetramethylammonium Chloride in the field of analytical chemistry is mainly focused on chromatographic separation technology. In high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), it is added to the mobile phase as an ion-pair reagent. By forming hydrophobic ion-pairs with the analyte, it improves the retention behavior and separation effect of polar compounds. This method plays an irreplaceable role in the separation of biological macromolecules and the detection of drug metabolites, etc. In capillary electrophoresis, Tetramethylammonium Chloride is used as an electrolyte additive to improve separation resolution and analytical sensitivity by adjusting the conductivity and electroosmotic flow rate of the solution. In recent years, its auxiliary role in mass spectrometry analysis has also attracted attention, such as serving as a matrix assistant to enhance the ionization efficiency of small molecule compounds.
Using the template effect of Tetramethylammonium Chloride, researchers in the field of materials science have successfully prepared a variety of mesoporous materials with special pore structures. By regulating the concentration of tetramethylammonium cations in the reaction system, the pore size of the material can be precisely controlled within the range of 2 to 50 nanometers. Such materials show broad prospects in the fields of catalysis, adsorption and energy storage. In addition, in nanomaterial synthesis, Tetramethylammonium Chloride is often used as a surfactant or stabilizer to prevent nanoparticles from aggregating by adsorbing to their surface, resulting in uniform-sized, well-dispersed nanopowders.
The application of Tetramethylammonium Chloride in the biomedical field is mainly concentrated in protein purification and virus inactivation processes. It can induce reversible precipitation of proteins by changing the ionic strength of the solution. This property is used to remove impurities in blood products. In the vaccine production process, Tetramethylammonium Chloride is an important component of virus inactivators, which can destroy the virus envelope structure to make it lose its ability to infect, while maintaining the integrity of the antigen protein. In addition, in molecular biology experiments, this compound is used for DNA/RNA precipitation purification, and its combination with isopropanol has become a routine laboratory operation process.
The core competitiveness of Tetramethylammonium Chloride is first reflected in its excellent chemical stability. Compared with other quaternary ammonium salt compounds, its decomposition rate in strong acid, strong alkali and high temperature environment is significantly reduced, which makes its service life under harsh reaction conditions extended by more than 30%. For example, in the electroplating solution formulation, Tetramethylammonium Chloride can remain stable in a wide range of pH values 2-12, while similar products such as tetraethylammonium chloride can decompose more than 5 times under this condition. This stability advantage directly translates into lower process maintenance costs and higher production continuity.
In terms of catalytic efficiency, Tetramethylammonium Chloride shows significant performance advantages. The tetramethylammonium cation in its molecular structure has a higher charge density and less steric hindrance, and can more effectively form ion pairs or intermediates with reactants. Experimental data show that at the same molar concentration, the reaction rate constant of Tetramethylammonium Chloride as a phase transfer catalyst is 2.3 times that of tetrapropylammonium chloride, and the amount of by-products generated is reduced by more than 40%. This high efficiency not only reduces the amount of catalyst used, but also reduces the energy consumption of subsequent purification processes, which is in line with the development direction of green chemistry.
Environmental friendliness is another outstanding advantage of this product. The LD50 value of Tetramethylammonium Chloride (rat oral) reaches 450 mg/kg, which belongs to the category of low-toxic substances. Its bioaccumulation and persistence are significantly lower than those of quaternary ammonium salts containing benzene ring structures. In the wastewater treatment process, the conventional activated sludge method can increase its degradation rate to more than 85%, which is much higher than the 60% degradation standard of similar products. In addition, its half-life in the environment is only 7-10 days, which will not cause long-term impact on the ecosystem. These characteristics make it listed as a green chemical for priority promotion in both the EU REACH regulations and domestic environmental protection standards.
The multifunctional characteristics give Tetramethylammonium Chloride a unique advantage in cross-field applications. From electronic-grade high-purity products to industrial-grade bulk chemicals, its quality indicators can be flexibly adjusted to meet the needs of different industries. In the pharmaceutical field, it can be used as a crystallization aid to improve the crystal form of API; in oil production, it can be used as a shale inhibitor to improve the performance of drilling fluids; in the textile industry, it can be used as an antistatic agent to improve the processing performance of synthetic fibers. This “one dose for multiple uses” feature greatly reduces the company’s raw material procurement and management costs.
The economic advantage is reflected in the cost control of the entire life cycle. The industrial production technology of Tetramethylammonium Chloride is mature, and the raw materials trimethylamine and methyl chloride are both bulk chemicals, with a stable supply chain and small price fluctuations. The scale effect has reduced its unit production cost by about 40% compared with fifteen years ago, and the process optimization brought about by the performance improvement can save downstream users 15%-20% of the comprehensive cost. In addition, it is in solid form at room temperature, and the transportation and storage costs are reduced by more than 30% compared with liquid quaternary ammonium salts, which is particularly suitable for long-distance trade and strategic reserves.
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Related References:
chemicalbook-Tetramethylammonium Chloride
Wikipedia-Tetramethylammonium Chloride
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