15-Crown-5 CAS 33100-27-5
Factory wholesale 15-Crown-5 CAS 33100-27-5
- Appearance:Liquid
- Purity:99.8%
- Delivery:30days
- Sample Available:Available
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Name: 15-Crown-5
CAS:33100-27-5
MOQ: 1KG
Directory Guidance on 15-Crown-5
Chemical Structure
Basic Info:
| Melting Point | -20°C(lit.) |
| Boiling Point | 93-96 °C/0.05 mmHg (lit.) |
| Density | 1.113 g/mL at 20 °C (lit.) |
| Vapor Pressure | 0.5-0.82Pa at 20-25℃ |
| Refractive Index | n20/D 1.465(lit.) |
15-Crown-5 Introduction:
15-Crown-5 is a type of cyclic polyether compound with an unusual molecular structure consisting of 15 atoms arranged in a circle with 5 oxygen atoms uniformly distributed among them, providing it with the capacity to form strong coordination bonds with specific metal ions using their free electron pairs from oxygen atoms; its high selectivity toward sodium ions (Na+).
Crown ether was first synthesized by American chemist Charles Pederson during his studies of polydentate ligands during the 1960s. Due to its similarity between its cyclic structure and “crown” shape, and its intramolecular cavity diameter of approximately 1.7 A, which matches perfectly with sodium ion radius (around 0.95 A), making 15-Crown-5 an invaluable tool in terms of recognition and separation of ions.
From the analysis of molecular configuration, the cyclic structure of 15-Crown-5 is composed of alternating oxygen atoms and methylene (-CH₂-) groups. This design not only endows molecules with a certain degree of flexibility, but also enables them to adapt to ions of different sizes through conformational adjustment.
Comparative to similar crown ethers (such as 18-coron-6), 15-Crown-5 stands out by virtue of its smaller ring size. In terms of the synthesis route, the Williamson ether synthesis method is the mainstream method for preparing 15-Crown-5. This process is achieved through the condensation reaction of sodium alcohol and halogenated ether.It has the characteristics of mild reaction conditions and high yield, providing technical support for its industrial production.
15-Crown-5 has the following properties physicochemically: it is generally colorless and transparent liquid that dissolves easily in organic solvents like dichloromethane and tetrahydrofuran, while only being partially soluble in water. Furthermore, 15-Crown-5 exhibits good thermal stability under normal storage conditions; however degradation may occur in highly acidic or strongly oxidizing environments.
Experimental studies show that the polarity of the solvent has a significant influence on its complexation ability: in low-polarity solvents, the binding constant of 15-Crown-5 with sodium ions can be increased several times. This phenomenon provides theoretical guidance for the design of separation systems based on solvent regulation. In addition, its complexation kinetics is less affected by temperature and can maintain efficient ion transport capacity within a wide temperature range.
Nature and Specifications:
| Item | Specification |
| Product Name | 15-Crown-5 |
| CAS No. | 33100-27-5 |
| Appearance | Liquid |
| Shelf Life | 2 years |
| Packing | As Your Requirements |
| Fp | >230 °F |
| Storage Temp. | room temp |
| Solubility | Miscible with organic solvents. |
| Form | Liquid |
Product service:
- Certificate Of Analysis (COA)
- Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
- Route of synthesis (ROS)
- Method of Aanlysis (MOA)
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
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The Application Situation Of 15-Crown-5
In the field of organic synthesis, the application of 15-Crown-5 as a phase transfer catalyst (PTC) is particularly prominent. This catalytic mode significantly improves reaction efficiency, especially suitable for the conversion process of water organic two-phase systems, and plays an important role in the synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates and the preparation of fine chemicals. For example, in specific chemical reactions, crown ethers can increase the reaction rate by tens of times and reduce the generation of by-products by activating cyanide ions (CN ⁻) or fluoride ions (F ⁻).
The application of 15-Crown-5 in the field of analytical chemistry focuses on the development of ion-selective electrodes (ISE). After the crown ether is embedded in the polymer membrane material, the electrode can achieve highly selective detection of sodium ions, and the detection limit can reach the micromolar level.
Such electrodes play a key role in environmental monitoring (such as sodium ion analysis of industrial wastewater) and clinical diagnosis (such as blood electrolyte testing). In addition, the chromatographic stationary phase modified by it is used to separate and enrich sodium ions in complex samples, and its separation efficiency is significantly improved compared with traditional materials, providing a reliable tool for trace analysis.
Research in the field of materials science has revealed the potential of 15-Crown-5 in constructing functional materials. Through the interaction between host and guest, crown ethers can bind with polymer matrices to form intelligent materials with ion responsive properties, which exhibit unique advantages in sensors, drug controlled release systems, and biomimetic membrane technology.
For instance, introducing crown ethers into hydrogel networks can prepare deformable materials that respond to pH or ionic strength, providing a new idea for the development of soft robots. In addition, metal-organic framework (MOFs) materials based on crown ethers have attracted much attention in the field of gas adsorption and separation, and their dynamic pore structure can be precisely regulated through ion binding.
15-Crown-5 has become increasingly important to energy technology through its use in battery electrolyte optimization. More recently, researchers have used it to optimize solid electrolyte systems using crown ethers and polymer matrixes as synergists, improving electrode-electrolyte interface compatibility by up to 30% at room temperature by adding this product – providing new directions for creating safe energy storage devices with increased ionic conductivity.
The Advantages Of 15-Crown-5
The core competitiveness of 15-Crown-5 comes from its unique ion selectivity and molecular designability. Compared with traditional ion carriers, its specific binding ability to sodium ions has significant advantages in complex systems, and the selectivity coefficient can reach the order of 10³. This characteristic makes it irreplaceable in the fields of biomedical testing and high-purity metal purification. Through chemical modification (such as the introduction of benzene rings or heteroatoms), its complexation constant and solubility can be further adjusted to meet the needs of different industrial scenarios. For example, the stability of crown ethers after fluorination modification in fluorinated solvents is improved, which is suitable for catalytic systems under extreme reaction conditions.
Regarding industrial production, 15-Crown-5 preparation is extremely economical. The Williamson synthesis method boasts low raw material costs and does not necessitate high pressure or temperature conditions for reaction; making it suitable for large-scale continuous production. Liquid properties facilitate production by directly feeding into a reaction system and thus lowering both equipment investment costs and energy usage. Based on full life cycle cost analysis, crown ethers offer significant economic and technical benefits when used as catalysts to enhance reaction efficiency and reduce emissions. When used for fine chemical production, 15-Crown-5 catalyst can lower overall production costs by 15%-20% while providing both technical and economic gains.
In terms of environmental safety performance, 15-Crown-5 shows green characteristics that are superior to most synthetic chemicals. Toxicological studies have shown that it has low acute toxicity to mammals (LD50＞2000 mg/kg) and can be effectively degraded by conventional water treatment processes (such as activated carbon adsorption and ozone oxidation). Compared with heavy metal-containing catalysts, its environmental residual risk is significantly reduced, which is in line with the development trend of green chemistry. In addition, its biodegradation products are mainly low molecular weight ether compounds, which have controllable impacts on the ecosystem and have broad application prospects in sustainable process development.
In the field of supramolecular chemistry, the host-guest recognition mechanism based on crown ethers has promoted breakthroughs in cutting-edge technologies such as artificial ion channels and molecular switches. For instance, by taking advantage of the dynamic binding characteristics of crown ethers and rotaxane molecules, photoresponsive molecular machines can be constructed, laying the foundation for the development of nanodevices. These studies not only expand the application boundaries of crown ethers, but also provide theoretical support for strategic industries such as new materials and new energy.
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